A practical approach to transesophageal echocardiography by Albert C. Perrino Jr. MD, Scott T. Reeves MD MBA FACC
By Albert C. Perrino Jr. MD, Scott T. Reeves MD MBA FACC
Features:
--Up-to-date perform directions via the ASE,SCA, and eu organization of Echocardiography.
--Featured bankruptcy on 3D echocardiography
-- moveable measurement for simple use at the go
--New instructional bankruptcy on mitral repair
--New bankruptcy on evolving position of TEE in the course of coronary revascularization
--Purchase comes with an booklet with full-motion video and vast colour paintings embedded seamlessly into every one chapter
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A practical approach to transesophageal echocardiography
Get up-close and private with TEE within the new version of APractical method of Transesophageal Echocardiography, your hugely illustrated, ultra-readable consultant for the perform of echocardiography edited by way of Drs. Perrino and Reeves. up-to-date to mirror present medical advancements, this publication is a real asset for any health care professional, resident, nurse, or different health care provider trying to grasp perioperative transesophageal echocardiography.
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Extra info for A practical approach to transesophageal echocardiography
Sample text
TG Mid SAX ~0 degrees 14. UE Aortic arch SAX ~90 degrees 47 ~60 to 80 degrees 6. ME Bicaval ~110degrees 9. ME 4C w/ CFD of TV ~0 to 10 degrees 12. TG 2C ~90 degrees 15. 28 The author’s recommended basic transesophageal echocardiography cardiac examination. ME, midesophageal; AV, aortic valve; CFD, color flow Doppler; TV, tricuspid valve; RV, right ventricular; I-O, inflow–outflow; PV, pulmonary valve; TG, transgastric; SAX, short-axis; LAX, long-axis; Desc, descending; 2C, two-chamber; 4C, four-chamber.
Remember that the aortic valve and left ventricular outflow tract are anterior structures and these maneuvers will produce a true cross section of the more posteriorly located ME four-chamber view. The ME four-chamber view is one of the most diagnostically valuable views in TEE. The diagnostic goals of this view include evaluation of chamber size and function, valvular function (both mitral and tricuspid), and regional motion of the septal and lateral walls of the left ventricle. An additional important use of this view is to look for intraventricular air following cardiopulmonary bypass.
Quantitative Evaluation of Left Ventricular Systolic Function—Planimetric Measurements Area measurements offer improvements in accuracy over linear dimensions, as more of the LV is represented in the measurement. Fractional Area Change Fractional area change (FAC) (%) = {(LVAd − LVAs)/LVAd} × 100 Normal values: Men 56% to 62%, women 59% to 65% (3). The area of the LV cavity is measured at end systole (LVAs) and at end diastole (LVAd) and used to calculate fractional area change (FAC). Most commonly these measurements are made from the TG mid-SAX view of the LV, but when this view is suboptimal long-axis views can be substituted.